Mechanochemistry 2.0

Mechanochemical processing of bulk solids has become an effective method for producing and modifying various materials. Recently, it has been combined with other energy sources commonly used in solution-phase chemistry. Innovative setups using temperature-controlled milling, light exposure, sound waves, or electrical impulses have enabled reactions that traditional mechanochemistry could not. These new approaches mark significant progress, ushering in a new phase of solid-state reactivity: mechanochemistry 2.0. Our ongoing research aims to identify new ways to incorporate additional energy sources to enhance mechanochemical synthesis and to develop new in situ techniques to monitor it, in the hope of gaining a better understanding.

Key Publications

11. N. Jakupec, E. Uran, M. Jabłońska, K. Užarević, A. Palčić, Thermo-mechanochemical interzeolite conversion in water-deficient systems, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. (2026) 403, 113981; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113981

10. G. Zgrablić, A. Senkić, N. Vidović, K. Užarević, D. Čapeta, I. Brekalo, M. Rakić, Building a cost-effective mechanochemical Raman system: improved spectral and time resolution for in situ reaction and rheology monitoring, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. (2025) 27, 5909–5920; https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CP04757E

9. C. Spula, V. Becker, G. Talajić, S. Grätz, K. Užarević, L. Borchardt, Metal‐Free C−X Functionalization in Solid‐State via Photochemistry in Ball Mills, ChemSusChem (2025), 18, e202401022; https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202401022

8. J. Alić Stolar, I. Lončarić, M. Ettel, M. Rubčić, Z. Štefanić, M. Šekutor, K. Užarević, T. Stolar, Direct in situ measurement of polymorphic transition temperatures under thermo-mechanochemical conditions, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. (2024), 26; 4840-4844. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CP04364A

7. N. Jakupec, K. J. Ardila-Fierro, V. Martinez, I. Halasz, J. Volavšek, G. Algara-Siller, M. Etter, V. Valtchev, K. Užarević, A. Palčić, Mechanochemically Induced OSDA-Free Interzeolite Conversion, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. (2024) 12, 5220–5228; https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c08477

6. V. Martinez, T. Stolar, B. Karadeniz, I. Brekalo, K. Užarević, Advancing mechanochemical synthesis by combining milling with different energy sources, Nat. Rev. Chem. (2023) 7, 51–65; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-022-00442-1

5. T. Stolar, J. Alić Stolar, G. Talajić, N. Cindro, M. Rubčić, K. Molčanov, K. Užarević, J. G. Hernández, Supramolecular intermediates in thermo-mechanochemical direct amidations, Chem. Commun. (2023) 59, 13490–13493; https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cc04448c

4. J. Alić, T. Stolar, Z. Štefanić, K. Užarević, M. Šekutor, Sustainable synthesis of diamondoid ethers by high-temperature ball milling, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. (2023) 11, 617–624; https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c05283

3. I. Brekalo, V. Martinez, B. Karadeniz, P. Orešković, D. Drapanauskaite, H. Vriesema, R. Stenekes, M. Etter, I. Dejanović, J. Baltrusaitis, K. Užarević, Scale-up of agrochemical urea-gypsum cocrystal synthesis using thermally controlled mechanochemistry, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. (2022) 10, 6743–6754; https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c00914

2. K. J. Ardila-Fierro, S. Lukin, M. Etter, K. Užarević, I. Halasz, C. Bolm, J. G. Hernández, Direct visualization of a mechanochemically induced molecular rearrangement, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (2020) 59, 13458–13462; https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201914921

1. N. Cindro, M. Tireli, B. Karadeniz, T. Mrla, K. Užarević, Investigations of Thermally Controlled Mechanochemical Milling Reactions, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. (2019) 7, 16301–16309; https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b03319

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